Factors associated with the route of birth delivery in a city in the Northeast region in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil / Fatores associados à via de parto em um município da região nordeste do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil

Abstract Objectives: to investigate factors associated with the route of birth delivery in a hospital extending public and private healthcare services, in the Northeast region in the State of Rio Grande do Sul. Methods: a cross-sectional study with 676 postpartum women, conducted from January to May 2017. The data were collected from the hospital records and women were interviewed shortly after childbirth in the maternity. Data analysis was performed by associating the Pearson's chi-square and the Poisson regression tests with robust variance. Results: the prevalence of cesarean sections was 58.7%, that is, 41.7% in public health-care and 83.9% in private healthcare. The main reason for having a cesarean section was having had a previous one (PR=5.69; CI95%=3.64 - 8.90; p<0.001), followed by having source of childbirth financing (PR=1.54; CI95%=1.27 - 1.87; p<0.001), having source of prenatal care financing (PR=1.48; CI95%=1.22 - 1.79; p<0.001), the childbirth and prenatal care professional (PR=1.46; CI95%=1.28 - 1.66; p<0.001) and the prenatal care professional (PR=1.43; CI95%=1.07 - 1.90; p=0.016). Conclusions: the high cesarean section rates identified in this study were mainly associated with previous cesarean section. The findings suggest a change in the current childbirth care model in the city, characterized as highly medicalized, focused on the physician and on hospital care.

Resumo Objetivos: investigar os fatores associados à via de nascimento em um hospital de atendimento misto, público e privado, da região nordeste do Rio Grande do Sul. Métodos: estudo transversal com 676 puérperas realizado entre janeiro e maio de 2017. Os dados foram obtidos de registros hospitalares e entrevistas com as mulheres logo após o parto na maternidade. A análise dos dados foi realizada por intermédio do teste de associação do Qui-quadrado de Pearson e Regressão de Poisson com variância robusta. Resultados: a prevalência de cesariana foi de 58,7%, sendo 41,7% no setor público e 83,9%, no privado. Cesárea prévia foi o principal fator associado à realização de cesariana (RP=5,69; IC95%=3,64-8,90; p<0,001), seguido por fonte de financiamento do parto (RP=1,54; IC95%=1,27-1,87; p<0,001), fonte de financiamento do pré-natal (RP=1,48; IC95%=1,22-1,79; p<0,001), profissional do pré-natal e parto (RP=1,46; IC95%=1,28 - 1,66; p<0,001) e profissional do pré-natal (RP=1,43; IC95%=1,07-1,90; p=0,016). Conclusões: as elevadas taxas de cesariana identificadas neste estudo foram associadas principalmente à realização de cesárea prévia. Os achados indicam a necessidade de mudança no modelo de assistência ao parto no município, o qual é altamente medicalizado, centrado no profissional médico e na atenção hospitalar.

Risk factors and relationship between screening periodicity and risk of cervical cancer among nurses and midwives. A cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: If nurses and midwives undergo cervical cancer screening regularly, they can become role models for other women regarding this screening. OBJECTIVES: The aims here were (i) to determine factors associated with undergoing cervical cancer screening; and (ii) to examine the association of cervical cancer screening periodicity with cervical cancer risk levels among nurses and midwives. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study in a public hospital. METHODS: 466 nurses and midwives participated in this study. The relationships between undergoing Pap smear screening and sociodemographic characteristics, cervical cancer risk factors, perception of cervical cancer risk and calculated cervical cancer risk levels were examined. Cervical cancer risk levels were determined using the "Your Disease Risk" assessment tool (Washington University). RESULTS: 35% of the nurses and midwives had undergone Pap smear testing at least once in their lifetimes. The odds of having undergone Pap smear testing were higher among smokers (odds ratio, OR: 2.08; 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.24-3.48) and among those who perceived their risk of cervical cancer to be high (OR: 3.60; 95% CI: 1.36-9.51). The frequency of undergoing Pap smear testing at least once in a lifetime was higher among primiparae (OR: 17.99; 95% CI: 6.36-50.84) and secundiparae (OR: 41.53; 95% CI: 15.01-114.91) than among nulliparae. No relationship was found between Pap smear test periodicity and calculated risk level. CONCLUSION: There is a need to assess motivational barriers that might lead to low levels of Pap smear screening among nurses and midwives who are role models for women regarding cervical cancer prevention.

Delivery care and the inadequacy of the obstetric care network in Pernambuco / Assistência ao parto e inadequação da rede de atenção obstétrica em Pernambuco

Abstract Objectives: this study aims to evaluate parturition distribution of live-born children within the First Health Regional Administration (GERES I) in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil in 2012. Methods: live Birth Certificates were used to evaluate displacements between pregnant women's residential municipalities and birth localities. Flux maps were constructed to represent pregnant women transferred to Recife, and the estimated number of live-borns with high-risk and regular births was calculated for each municipality. Results: in 2012, only 50% of the births of live babies in the GERES I took place at the original residential municipality of the mother. In Recife, the number of childbirths was 1.5 times greater than expected for this year, with 56% representing non-residents. Eleven municipalities of the GERES I have maternity hospitals, however, none of these responded to the expected number of regular risk births. Conclusions: this disruption of the obstetric network leads to the disrespecting of women's right to know beforehand the place of childbirth and to create bonds with it. Municipalities perform fewer childbirths than expected, resulting in unnecessary transfers and the overloading of maternity hospitals in Recife.

Resumo Objetivos: saber o local onde irá ocorrer o parto é um direito da gestante no Brasil e uma estratégia de organização da rede de atenção obstétrica. Este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar a distribuição dos partos dos nascidos vivos (NV) da Gerência Regional de Saúde (GERES) I do Estado de Pernambuco em 2012. Métodos: a partir das Declarações de Nascidos Vivos, foram investigados deslocamentos do município de residência da mãe e de ocorrência do parto. Foram construídos mapas de fluxo para o Recife e estimado o número esperado de NV com parto de risco habitual e de alto risco para os municípios da GERES I. Resultados: em 2012 apenas 50% dos NV da GERES I nasceram no município de residência da mãe. Em Recife ocorreram 1,5 vezes o número de partos esperados para o ano, sendo 56% de mães não residentes. Onze municípios da GERES I têm maternidade, mas nenhum responde ao volume esperado de partos de risco habitual. Conclusões: esta desestruturação da rede obstétrica viola o direito da mulher de saber com antecedência e construir vínculo com o local do parto. Alguns municípios da GERES I realizam menos partos do que o esperado, levando a transferências desnecessárias e a super-lotação das maternidades do Recife.

Access to childbirth care by adolescents and young people in the Northeastern region of Brazil / Acesso à assistência ao parto de adolescentes e jovens na região Nordeste do Brasil

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To identify the factors that interfere with the access of adolescents and young people to childbirth care for in the Northeast region of Brazil. METHODS Cross-sectional study with 3,014 adolescents and young people admitted to the selected maternity wards to give birth in the Northeast region of Brazil. The sample design was probabilistic, in two stages: the first corresponded to the health establishments and the second to women who had recently given birth and their babies. The data was collected by means of interviews and consulting the hospital records, from pre-tested electronic form. Descriptive statistics were used for the univariate analysis, Pearson's Chi-square test for the bivariate analysis and multiple logistic regressions for the multivariate analysis. Sociodemographic variables, obstetrical history, and birth care were analyzed. RESULTS Half of the adolescents and young people interviewed had not been given guidance on the location that they should go to when in labor, and among those who had, 23.5% did not give birth in the indicated health service. Furthermore, one third (33.3%) had to travel in search of assisted birth, and the majority (66.7%) of the postpartum women came to maternity by their own means. In the bivariate analysis, the variables marital status, paid work, health insurance, number of previous pregnancies, parity, city location, and type of health establishment showed a significant association (p < 0.20) with inadequate access to childbirth care. The multivariate analysis showed that married adolescents and young people (p < 0.015), with no health insurance (p < 0.002) and from the countryside (p < 0.001) were more likely to have inadequate access to childbirth care. CONCLUSIONS Adolescents and young women, married, without health insurance, and from the countryside are more likely to have inadequate access to birth care. The articulation between outpatient care and birth care can improve this access and, consequently, minimize the maternal and fetal risks that arise from a lack of systematic hospitalization planning.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Identificar os fatores que interferem no acesso de adolescentes e jovens à assistência ao parto na região Nordeste do Brasil. MÉTODOS Estudo seccional realizado com 3.014 adolescentes e jovens admitidas nas maternidades selecionadas por ocasião da realização do parto na região Nordeste do Brasil. O desenho da amostra foi probabilístico, em dois estágios: o primeiro correspondeu aos estabelecimentos de saúde e o segundo às puérperas e seus conceptos. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de entrevista e consulta ao prontuário hospitalar, a partir de formulário eletrônico pré-testado. Utilizou-se estatística descritiva para análise univariada, teste Qui-quadrado de Pearson para análise bivariada, e regressão logística múltipla para análise multivariada. Foram analisadas variáveis sociodemográficas, antecedentes obstétricos e aquelas relacionadas à assistência ao parto. RESULTADOS Metade das adolescentes e jovens entrevistadas não foi orientada sobre o local que deveria procurar para o parto, e entre aquelas que foram orientadas, 23,5% não realizaram o parto no serviço de saúde indicado. Além disso, 1/3 (33,3%) teve que peregrinar em busca de assistência ao parto, sendo que a maioria (66,7%) das puérperas chegou à maternidade por meios próprios. Na análise bivariada, as variáveis situação conjugal, trabalho remunerado, plano de saúde, número de gestações anteriores, paridade, localização do município e tipo de estabelecimento mostraram associação significativa (p < 0,20) com o acesso inadequado à assistência ao parto. Na análise multivariada, adolescentes e jovens que mantinham laços conjugais (p < 0,015), não possuíam plano de saúde (p < 0,002) e eram procedentes do interior (p < 0,001) tinham mais chance de acesso inadequado ao parto. CONCLUSÕES Adolescentes e jovens que mantêm laços conjugais, não possuem plano de saúde ou são procedentes do interior têm maior chance de apresentar acesso inadequado ao parto. A articulação entre o atendimento ambulatorial e a assistência ao parto pode melhorar esse acesso e, consequentemente, minimizar os riscos materno-fetais decorrentes da falta de planejamento sistêmico para a internação.